Pretreatment, whether physical (mechanical), chemical, thermochemical, or biochemical, is usually required before energy crops or organic wastes may be turned to biofuels. Pretreatment increases the energy density of biomass, allowing it to be transported more efficiently from the point of production. Pretreatment produces a variety of chemical compounds that are harmful to microorganisms. These pretreatment procedures yield a variety of secondary metabolites and compounds that are inhibitory to enzymes also. Washing, drying, sieving, leaching, or thermal pretreatment of biomass can greatly improve the characteristics of lower grade biomass and so provide an appealing technique for allowing the use of such residues, thus expanding the resource base. Pretreatment technologies can be deployed at a variety of locations along the supply chain, affecting the downstream supply chain in a variety of ways, such as cost or fuel quality. Some pretreatment processes may provide a number of advantages.
Title : The opportunities of biofuels in times of E-Fuel and hydrogen "hopium"
Hans Henning Judek, J E Access, Japan
Title : Effects of iron-activated waste hay-derived biochar on anaerobic digestion treating cow manure
Eunsung Kan, Texas A&M University, United States
Title : The management of slag and lead with slag in port-piri furnace
Ahmet Haxhiaj, University of Mitrovica, Republic of Kosovo
Title : Hybrid decision-making for prioritizing biofuel supply chain challenges in Norway based on AHP and DEMATEL approaches
Zahir Barahmand, University of South-Eastern, Norway
Title : Effect of temperature and loading rate on biogas production via a co-digestion of sugar wastewater and food waste
Zikhona Tshemese, Durban University of Technology, South Africa
Title : Estimation of methane generation from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) of gujranwala city (Pakistan)
Chaudhry Haider Ali, University of Engineering & Technology, Pakistan