Title : Sustainable production of B iodiesel from used cooking oil utilizing Waste ostrich (Struthio camelus) bones as catalyst
Abstract:
Sustainability has become a slogan and guiding principle for present day society. In this scenario, the anthropogenic ‘waste’, in all its diverse forms, can propound a significant source of energy, building materials, chemicals and high worth practical items. With regards to chemical transformations, waste substances not only deliver alternative renewable feedstocks for bio-fuel production, yet in addition a resource from which to synthesize catalysts. The application of heterogeneous catalysts derived from waste to produce biodiesel utilizing waste-based feedstock can potentially improve the overall energy efficiency of existing and novel chemical processes. This investigation presents biodiesel production from waste cooking oils (WCO) via cheap heterogeneous catalyst obtained from waste Ostrich (Struthio camelus) bones. In the first section, waste cooking oils have been recommended as a suitable option for biodiesel production. The quantification of annual waste cooking oil generation in Pakistan has been carried out if not utilized for resourceful purpose would create disposal problems. In the second section, the catalyst was synthesized from waste Ostrich bones and characterized by Thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Hammett indicator method and surface area calculations. The powdered ostrich bones were calcined at different temperatures,
ranging from 600 to 1000 °C. Upon temperature rise, sharp peaks of hydroxyapatite (HAp) appeared as observed by XRD. The reaction parameters have been optimized in presence of the synthesized catalyst to maximize biodiesel yield. The optimum biodiesel yield of 90.56 % was attained at methanol/oil ratio 15/1, process temperature 60 °C, catalyst loading 5wt. % within reaction duration of 4 h. It concludes that hydroxyapatite (HAp) derived from ostrich bones showed good catalytic performance to produce biodiesel from WCO. The synthesized catalyst sustained adequate catalytic activity even after being repeatedly recycled four times, which infers low-cost biodiesel production opportunities.
Audience Takeaway:
- Process of Synthesis of the heterogeneous catalyst using waste animal hard tissues.
- Optimization of reaction parameters for maximizing biodiesel yield using a heterogeneous catalyst.
- Characterization of biodiesel produced in compliance with international standards.
- Pakistan’s data of waste cooking oil (WCO) is shared and is dealt with sustainable solution to counter environmental concerns posed by dumping of WCO in the environment.
